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an architectural miracle

  • 1 miracle

    miracle [miʀαkl]
    1. masculine noun
       a. miracle
       b. ( = pièce de théâtre) miracle play
    2. invariable adjective
    * * *
    miʀɑkl
    1.
    adjectif invariable

    2.
    nom masculin
    1) gén miracle

    accomplir or faire un miracle — Religion to work a miracle; fig to work miracles

    2) ( drame sacré) miracle play
    * * *
    miʀɒkl nm
    * * *
    A adj inv un remède/une solution miracle a miracle cure/solution; un procédé/matériau miracle a miraculous process/material; un médicament miracle a wonder drug; une méthode miracle a magic formula.
    B nm
    1 Relig, fig miracle; il faudrait un miracle pour qu'il guérisse only a miracle could cure him; à moins d'un miracle nous ne pourrons pas sauver l'entreprise nothing short of a miracle will help us save the business; miracle économique economic miracle; accomplir or faire un miracle Relig to work a miracle; fig to work miracles; tenir du miracle to be a miracle; croire aux miracles lit to believe in miracles; fig to live in cloud cuckoo land; il n'y a pas de quoi crier au miracle there's nothing miraculous about it; un miracle de l'architecture/de la littérature an architectural/a literary wonder; un miracle de beauté/d'équilibre a miracle of beauty/balance; un miracle de la nature a miracle of nature; par miracle miraculously; comme par miracle as if by magic;
    2 ( drame sacré) miracle play.
    [mirakl] nom masculin
    1. [intervention divine] miracle
    2. [surprise] miracle, marvel
    4. (comme adjectif; avec ou sans trait d'union) miracle (modificateur), wonder (modificateur)
    ————————
    par miracle locution adverbiale
    by a ou some miracle, miraculously

    Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > miracle

  • 2 Wunder

    n; -s, -
    1. übernatürlich: miracle; erstaunlich: auch wonder; bewundernswert: marvel; ein Wunder der Natur / Technik a miracle of nature / engineering; Wunder wirken oder tun perform miracles; fig. work wonders; es grenzt an ein Wunder it’s a near-miracle; auf ein Wunder hoffen be hoping for a miracle; wenn nicht ein Wunder geschieht barring a miracle; wie durch ein Wunder miraculously; ( es ist) kein Wunder(, dass...) (it’s) no wonder (that...); ist es ein Wunder, dass... oder was Wunder, wenn...? is it any wonder that...?; er ist ein Wunder an Ausdauer he’s got amazing stamina; er wird sein blaues Wunder erleben umg. he’s got a surprise coming, he’s in for a (big) surprise; oh Wunder oder Wunder über Wunder! iro. wonders will never cease!
    2. umg.: Wunder was / wer etc. something / someone absolutely fantastic, the greatest thing since sliced bread; sie glaubt Wunder was sie getan hat she thinks what she’s done is absolutely fantastic; er glaubt, er sei Wunder wer auch he thinks he’s the bee’s knees; Wunder wie klug / schön etc. ever so clever (Am. smart)/ beautiful etc., as clever (Am. smart)/ beautiful etc. as anything; das stellte sie sich Wunder wie einfach vor she thought it was going to be ever so easy ( oder as easy as anything oder as easy as pie)
    * * *
    das Wunder
    portent; wonder; miracle
    * * *
    Wụn|der ['vʊndɐ]
    nt -s, -
    1) (=übernatürliches Ereignis AUCH REL) miracle; (= wunderbare Erscheinung) wonder; (= Leistung) marvel, miracle; (= erstaunlicher Mensch) marvel

    das grenzt an ein Wunder — it verges on the miraculous, it's almost a miracle

    die Wunder der Natur/dieser Welt — the wonders of nature/this world

    2)

    meine Eltern denken Wunder was passiert ist/Wunder was über mein Privatleben — my parents think goodness knows what has happened/goodness knows what about my private life

    er glaubt, Wunder wer zu sein/Wunder was geleistet zu haben — he thinks he's marvellous (Brit) or marvelous (US)/done something marvel(l)ous

    er meint, Wunder wie schön das sei — he thinks it's fantastic

    3)

    (= überraschendes Ereignis) Wunder tun or wirken — to do wonders

    es ist ein/kein Wunder, dass... — it's a wonder/no wonder or small wonder that...

    ist es ein Wunder, dass er dick ist? — is it any wonder that he's fat?

    was Wunder, wenn... — it's no wonder or surprise if...

    See:
    blau
    * * *
    das
    1) (something or someone astonishing or wonderful: the marvels of the circus; She's a marvel at producing delicious meals.) marvel
    2) (something which man is not normally capable of making happen and which is therefore thought to be done by a god or God: Christ's turning of water into wine was a miracle.) miracle
    3) (a fortunate happening that has no obvious natural cause or explanation: It's a miracle he wasn't killed in the plane crash.) miracle
    4) (something strange and wonderful: A very clever child is sometimes called a child prodigy; prodigies of nature.) prodigy
    5) (the quality of being strange or unexpected: The wonder of the discovery is that it was only made ten years ago.) wonder
    * * *
    Wun·der
    <-s, ->
    [ˈvʊndɐ]
    \Wunder was/wer/wie (fam) who knows what/who/how
    er möchte \Wunder was erreichen goodness knows what he wants to achieve
    das hat er sich \Wunder wie einfach vorgestellt he imagined it would be ever so easy
    \Wunder tun [o wirken] to work [or perform] a miracle sing
    an ein \Wunder grenzen to be almost a miracle
    ein/kein \Wunder sein, dass... (fam) to be a/no wonder, that...
    ist es ein \Wunder, dass ich mich so aufrege? (fig fam) is it any wonder that I'm so upset?
    es ist kein \Wunder, dass... (fam) it's no [or little] [or small] wonder that...
    wie durch ein \Wunder miraculously
    \Wunder über \Wunder (fam) wonders will never cease
    er kann nur durch ein \Wunder gerettet werden only a miracle can save him
    was \Wunder[, dass] no wonder
    was \Wunder, dass sie jetzt eingeschnappt ist no wonder she's in a huff; (Phänomen) wonder
    das \Wunder des Lebens the miracle of life
    die \Wunder der Natur the wonders of nature
    ein \Wunder an etw dat sein to be a miracle of sth
    diese Uhr ist ein \Wunder an Präzision this watch is a miracle of precision
    sein blaues \Wunder erleben (fam) to be in for a nasty surprise
    * * *
    das; Wunders, Wunder

    Wunder wirken(fig. ugs.) work wonders

    ein/kein Wunder sein — (ugs.) be a/no wonder

    was Wunder, wenn...? — small or no wonder that...

    er wird sein blaues Wunder erleben(ugs.) he's in for a nasty shock

    2) (etwas Erstaunliches) wonder

    ein Wunder an... — (Dat.) a miracle of...

    * * *
    Wunder n; -s, -
    1. übernatürlich: miracle; erstaunlich: auch wonder; bewundernswert: marvel;
    ein Wunder der Natur/Technik a miracle of nature/engineering;
    tun perform miracles; fig work wonders;
    es grenzt an ein Wunder it’s a near-miracle;
    auf ein Wunder hoffen be hoping for a miracle;
    wie durch ein Wunder miraculously;
    (es ist) kein Wunder(, dass …) (it’s) no wonder (that …);
    ist es ein Wunder, dass … oder
    was Wunder, wenn …? is it any wonder that …?;
    er ist ein Wunder an Ausdauer he’s got amazing stamina;
    er wird sein blaues Wunder erleben umg he’s got a surprise coming, he’s in for a (big) surprise;
    Wunder über Wunder! iron wonders will never cease!
    2. umg:
    Wunder was/wer etc something/someone absolutely fantastic, the greatest thing since sliced bread;
    sie glaubt, Wunder was sie getan hat she thinks what she’s done is absolutely fantastic;
    er glaubt, er sei Wunder wer auch he thinks he’s the bee’s knees;
    Wunder wie klug/schön etc ever so clever (US smart)/beautiful etc, as clever (US smart)/beautiful etc as anything;
    das stellte sie sich Wunder wie einfach vor she thought it was going to be ever so easy ( oder as easy as anything oder as easy as pie)
    * * *
    das; Wunders, Wunder

    Wunder wirken(fig. ugs.) work wonders

    ein/kein Wunder sein — (ugs.) be a/no wonder

    was Wunder, wenn...? — small or no wonder that...

    er wird sein blaues Wunder erleben(ugs.) he's in for a nasty shock

    2) (etwas Erstaunliches) wonder

    ein Wunder an... — (Dat.) a miracle of...

    * * *
    - n.
    marvel n.
    miracle n.
    wonder n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Wunder

  • 3 Wren, Sir Christopher

    [br]
    b. 20 October 1632 East Knoyle, Wiltshire, England
    d. 25 February 1723 London, England
    [br]
    English architect whose background in scientific research and achievement enhanced his handling of many near-intractable architectural problems.
    [br]
    Born into a High Church and Royalist family, the young Wren early showed outstanding intellectual ability and at Oxford in 1654 was described as "that miracle of a youth". Educated at Westminster School, he went up to Oxford, where he graduated at the age of 19 and obtained his master's degree two years later. From this time onwards his interests were in science, primarily astronomy but also physics, engineering and meteorology. While still at college he developed theories about and experimentally solved some fifty varied problems. At the age of 25 Wren was appointed to the Chair of Astronomy at Gresham College in London, but he soon returned to Oxford as Savilian Professor of Astronomy there. At the same time he became one of the founder members of the Society of Experimental Philosophy at Oxford, which was awarded its Royal Charter soon after the Restoration of 1660; Wren, together with such men as Isaac Newton, Robert Hooke, John Evelyn and Robert Boyle, then found himself a member of the Royal Society.
    Wren's architectural career began with the classical chapel that he built, at the request of his uncle, the Bishop of Ely, for Pembroke College, Cambridge (1663). From this time onwards, until he died at the age of 91, he was fully occupied with a wide and taxing variety of architectural problems which he faced in the execution of all the great building schemes of the day. His scientific background and inventive mind stood him in good stead in solving such difficulties with an often unusual approach and concept. Nowhere was this more apparent than in his rebuilding of fifty-one churches in the City of London after the Great Fire, in the construction of the new St Paul's Cathedral and in the grand layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich.
    The first instance of Wren's approach to constructional problems was in his building of the Sheldonian Theatre in Oxford (1664–9). He based his design upon that of the Roman Theatre of Marcellus (13–11 BC), which he had studied from drawings in Serlio's book of architecture. Wren's reputation as an architect was greatly enhanced by his solution to the roofing problem here. The original theatre in Rome, like all Roman-theatres, was a circular building open to the sky; this would be unsuitable in the climate of Oxford and Wren wished to cover the English counterpart without using supporting columns, which would have obscured the view of the stage. He solved this difficulty mathematically, with the aid of his colleague Dr Wallis, the Professor of Geometry, by means of a timber-trussed roof supporting a painted ceiling which represented the open sky.
    The City of London's churches were rebuilt over a period of nearly fifty years; the first to be completed and reopened was St Mary-at-Hill in 1676, and the last St Michael Cornhill in 1722, when Wren was 89. They had to be rebuilt upon the original medieval sites and they illustrate, perhaps more clearly than any other examples of Wren's work, the fertility of his imagination and his ability to solve the most intractable problems of site, limitation of space and variation in style and material. None of the churches is like any other. Of the varied sites, few are level or possess right-angled corners or parallel sides of equal length, and nearly all were hedged in by other, often larger, buildings. Nowhere is his versatility and inventiveness shown more clearly than in his designs for the steeples. There was no English precedent for a classical steeple, though he did draw upon the Dutch examples of the 1630s, because the London examples had been medieval, therefore Roman Catholic and Gothic, churches. Many of Wren's steeples are, therefore, Gothic steeples in classical dress, but many were of the greatest originality and delicate beauty: for example, St Mary-le-Bow in Cheapside; the "wedding cake" St Bride in Fleet Street; and the temple diminuendo concept of Christ Church in Newgate Street.
    In St Paul's Cathedral Wren showed his ingenuity in adapting the incongruous Royal Warrant Design of 1675. Among his gradual and successful amendments were the intriguing upper lighting of his two-storey choir and the supporting of the lantern by a brick cone inserted between the inner and outer dome shells. The layout of the Royal Hospital at Greenwich illustrates Wren's qualities as an overall large-scale planner and designer. His terms of reference insisted upon the incorporation of the earlier existing Queen's House, erected by Inigo Jones, and of John Webb's King Charles II block. The Queen's House, in particular, created a difficult problem as its smaller size rendered it out of scale with the newer structures. Wren's solution was to make it the focal centre of a great vista between the main flanking larger buildings; this was a masterstroke.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Knighted 1673. President, Royal Society 1681–3. Member of Parliament 1685–7 and 1701–2. Surveyor, Greenwich Hospital 1696. Surveyor, Westminster Abbey 1699.
    Surveyor-General 1669–1712.
    Further Reading
    R.Dutton, 1951, The Age of Wren, Batsford.
    M.Briggs, 1953, Wren the Incomparable, Allen \& Unwin. M.Whinney, 1971, Wren, Thames \& Hudson.
    K.Downes, 1971, Christopher Wren, Allen Lane.
    G.Beard, 1982, The Work of Sir Christopher Wren, Bartholomew.
    DY

    Biographical history of technology > Wren, Sir Christopher

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